What is the main function of the accumulator in a refrigeration system?

The main function of the accumulator in a refrigeration system is to collect excess refrigerant and prevent liquid from returning to the compressor. In a refrigeration cycle, refrigerant can be in various states, and it is crucial to ensure that only vapor enters the compressor. The accumulator serves as a reservoir that holds excess refrigerant and allows for the separation of liquid and vapor. By doing so, it protects the compressor from potentially damaging liquid refrigerant, which can cause liquid slugging. This promotes safer and more efficient operation of the system, ensuring that the compressor only handles vapor, which is necessary for effective compression and system performance.

The other choices, while they may refer to functions related to refrigeration systems, do not accurately describe the primary role of an accumulator. For instance, regulating airflow is generally handled by fans and ductwork, while enhancing cooling efficiency involves various aspects of the system including heat exchange processes. Filtering impurities is typically the job of a filter-drier, rather than the accumulator itself. Therefore, the role of the accumulator is unique and critical to maintaining the integrity and efficiency of the refrigeration system.